Preparing beds

For David this means:

• Break it up with a hoe

• Mix in fertilizer

• Form the bed

Primary tillage / Ploughing

The prime purpose of ploughing is to turn over the uppermost soil, bringing fresh nutrients to the surface while burying weeds and crop remains to decay. 

Ripping

Ripping and mounding is:

• Any activity to loosen and/or elevate soil with any type of implement, primarily undertaken as preparation for seeding or tree planting, including such operations as pre-establishment weed control

  Examples of estimating the percentage of CEA disturbed:

• Use of deep narrow pointed tynes to break up hard pans prior to planting or seeding. In such a case the area disturbed will be the width x length of the rip lines.

• Use of a mounding plough in preparation for planting seedlings. In such a case the area disturbed will be the combined width of any mounds and/or furrows created by their length.

• Use of multi-disc ploughs in pre-establishment weed control and/or preparation for seeding or planting. In such a case the area disturbed will be the width of the implement x length of the plough lines.